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Refer to the following information for the next three questions. The scaled diagram below represents two forces acting concurrently at point P. The magnitude of force A is 32 newtons and the magnitude of force B is 20. newtons. The angle between the directions of force A and force B is 120º.
51. Determine the linear scale used in the diagram. [1] 52. On the diagram in your answer booklet, use a protractor and a ruler to construct a scaled vector to represent the resultant of forces A and B. Label the vector R. [1] 53. Determine the magnitude of the resultant force. [1] Refer to the following information for the next two questions. A student pushes a box, weighing 50. newtons, 6.0 meters up an incline at a constant speed by applying a force of 25 newtons parallel to the incline. The top of the incline is 2.0 meters higher than the bottom.
54–55 Calculate the total work done on the box by the student while pushing the box from the bottom to the top of the incline. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] [2] 56. Describe what would happen to the total work done on the box by the student to push the box 6.0 meters up the incline at constant speed if the coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the incline were increased. [1] The next nine questions stand independently. 57. In the diagram below, a light ray is incident on an interface between glass and air. When the light strikes the glass-air interface, some of the light is reflected. On the diagram in your answer booklet, use a protractor and straightedge to construct the reflected light ray. [1]
58.–59. The current in a wire is 5.0 amperes. Calculate the total amount of charge, in coulombs, that travels through the wire in 36 seconds. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] [2] 60.–61. A spring, with a spring constant of 100. newtons per meter, possesses 2.0 joules of elastic potential energy when compressed. Calculate the spring’s change in length from its uncompressed length. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] [2] 62.–63. A monochromatic ray of light (f = 5.09 × 1014 Hz) travels from air into medium X. The angle of incidence of the ray in air is 45.0° and the ray’s angle of refraction in medium X is 29.0°. Calculate the absolute index of refraction of medium X. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] [2] 64.–65. An argon-ion laser emits blue-green light having a wavelength of 488 nanometers in a vacuum. Calculate the energy of a photon of this light. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] [2] Refer to the following information for the next three questions. An incandescent lightbulb uses a length of thin tungsten wire as the filament (the part of the operating bulb that produces light).
One particular lightbulb has a 0.22-meter length of the tungsten wire used as its filament. This tungsten wire filament has a resistance of 19 ohms at a temperature of 20ºC. The tungsten wire filament has a resistance of 240 ohms when this bulb is operated at a potential difference of 120 volts. 66.–67. Calculate the cross-sectional area of this tungsten wire filament. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] [2] 68. Explain why the resistance of the tungsten wire filament increases when the bulb is being operated compared to the resistance of the filament at 20ºC. [1] 69.–70. Calculate the power of this lightbulb when it is being operated at a potential difference of 120 volts. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] [2] Refer to the following information for the next three questions. A 150-newton force, applied to a wooden crate at an angle of 30.º above the horizontal, causes the crate to travel at constant velocity across a horizontal wooden floor, as represented below.
71.–72. Calculate the magnitude of the horizontal component of the 150-newton force. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] [2] 73. Determine the magnitude of the frictional force acting on the crate. [1] 74–75 Calculate the magnitude of the normal force exerted by the floor on the crate. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] [2] Refer to the following information for the next four questions. On a flat, level road, a 1500-kilogram car travels around a curve having a constant radius of 45 meters. The centripetal acceleration of the car has a constant magnitude of 3.2 meters per second squared. 76.–77. Calculate the car’s speed as it travels around the curve. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] [2] 78. Determine the magnitude of the centripetal force acting on the car as it travels around the curve. [1] 79. What force provides the centripetal force needed for the car to travel around the curve? [1] 80. Describe what happens to the magnitude of the centripetal force on the car as it travels around the curve if the speed of the car decreases. [1] Refer to the following information for the next four questions. A musician plucks a 0.620-meter-long string on an acoustic guitar, as represented in the diagram below. The plucked string vibrates, producing a musical note called “G.” The waves traveling along the vibrating string produce a standing wave with a frequency of 196 hertz.
81. On the diagram of the standing wave in your answer booklet, label one node with the letter N and one antinode with the letter A. [1] 82. Determine the wavelength of the standing wave on the 0.620-meter-long vibrating string. [1] 83.–84. Calculate the speed of the wave traveling on the vibrating string. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] [2] 85. Describe what happens to the frequency when the musician shortens the vibrating portion of the string by pinching the string against the fingerboard while the string continues to vibrate. [1] | ||
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